Table 1 Quantification of Au trophic transfer.

From: Particle number-based trophic transfer of gold nanomaterials in an aquatic food chain

Au-NMs

Mass of Au removed by algae from the exposure medium/mass of Au in the exposure medium [%]

Mass of Au washed from the algae using PBS/mass of Au in the exposure medium [%]

Mass of Au accumulated in algae/mass of Au in the exposure medium [%]

Mass of Au in daphnia/mass of Au in 0.1 mg algae per daphnia [%]

Mass of Au depurated from daphnia/mass of Au in 0.1 mg algae per daphnia [%]

Mass of Au accumulated in fish/mass of Au in 100 mg daphnia per fish [%]

Mass of Au depurated form fish/mass of Au in 100 mg daphnia per fish [%]

Spherical 10 nm

76 ± 6a

76 ± 12ab

0.21 ± 0.01a

1.09 ± 0.11

80 ± 14

0.03 ± 0.001c

56 ± 8

Spherical 60 nm

46 ± 12cd

45 ± 8d

0.08 ± 0.004d

0.73 ± 0.05

78 ± 9

0.14 ± 0.007d

49 ± 11

Spherical 100 nm

62 ± 13ad

62 ± 16ad

0.01 ± 0.001c

1.41 ± 0.11

84 ± 12

0.38 ± 0.14c

57 ± 8

Rod-shaped 10 × 45

90 ± 26ab

89 ± 13b

0.10 ± 0.03d

1.71 ± 0.29

92 ± 14

0.04 ± 0.008c

58 ± 12

Rod-shaped 50 × 100

31 ± 10c

31 ± 6c

0.01 ± 0.002c

1.38 ± 0.33

87 ± 15

0.48 ± 0.02b

51 ± 7

  1. Percentage of the total mass of Au in each trophic level, determined by ICP-MS, normalized to the total mass of Au in the previous level, in the assembled aquatic food chain.
  2. The calculated limit of quantification of the ICP-MS was 10 ng/L. The letters (a, b, c, d) show the significant differences between the NMs (p < 0.05).
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