Fig. 1: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) infection enhances glycolysis and reduces serine synthesis in infected macrophages.

a, b, Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) (a) and basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) (b) in untreated (NT) peritoneal macrophages (PMs) or those infected with STM for 2, 8, or 20 h. c, d Fold changes in glucose metabolites (c) and schematic of glucose metabolism (d) in STM-infected (8 h) PMs versus untreated PMs. Metabolites that were significantly enriched (red), diminished (blue), or not significantly changed (green) are indicated (d). glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FBP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP), 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG), phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), acetyl-CoA (Ac-CoA), citratre (Cit), isocitrate (Ict), α-ketoglutarate(α-KG), succinate (Suc), succinyl coenzyme A (Suc-CoA), fumarate (Fum), malate (Mal), oxaloacetate (OAA), 6-phosphogluconate (6PG), Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P), xylulose 5-phosphate (X5P), glutathione (GSH). Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3 independent experiments (a–c). e Heatmap of the expression profiles of glucose metabolism genes in STM-infected (8 h) PMs versus untreated PMs. Z scores of the relative gene expression levels are displayed in the heatmaps (n = 3 independent experiments), with red representing higher and blue representing lower abundance. P values were determined using one-way ANOVA (a–c, e). *, **, *** P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, respectively e. Source data are included in Source Data file.