Fig. 2: COVID-19 clinical literature quality assessment.

A Distribution of COVID-19 case series studies scored using the Murad tool (n = 380). B Distribution of COVID-19 cohort studies scored using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (n = 199). C Distribution of COVID-19 case–control studies scored using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (n = 38). D Distribution of COVID-19 diagnostic studies scored using the QUADAS-2 tool (n = 63). In panel D, blue represents low risk of bias and orange represents high risk of bias.