Fig. 5: Dendritic integration function in Li- and Na-GASs.

a Schematic illustration of spatiotemporal neural networks in the GASs. b Synaptic weight (current) triggered by a single pulse and a pair of spatiotemporally correlated pulses in Li-GAS and Na-GAS. c Synaptic weight (current peak value) obtained under different numbers of applied pulses (N = 10, 20, and 30) in Li-GAS and Na-GAS. d Postsynaptic current obtained under different durations of applied spikes in Li-GAS. e Postsynaptic currents triggered by a pair of presynaptic (excitatory and inhibitory) pulses for emulating the shunting inhibition function. Schematic illustration of f a biological sensorimotor nerve and g an artificial efferent nerve, coupling GAS processing elements with artificial muscles, to transduce signals from receptors to motor neurons. h Postsynaptic current triggered by two presynaptic inputs at 0.48 Hz from within the same time period to at different time periods. i Digital images of the actuator flexion under 0.8 Hz pulse sequences for single and double synapses. The scale bar corresponds to 2 cm.