Fig. 1: S. aureus induces itaconate release in the airway. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: S. aureus induces itaconate release in the airway.

From: Staphylococcus aureus induces an itaconate-dominated immunometabolic response that drives biofilm formation

Fig. 1: S. aureus induces itaconate release in the airway.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid metabolites and b cytokines from mice treated with PBS or infected with LAC (S. aureus USA300) or PAO1 (P. aeruginosa). c, d Irg1 expression in the alveolar macrophages of PBS-treated or LAC-infected mice. e BAL itaconate from mice infected with the S. aureus clinical isolates A1, A5, A6. f Sputum itaconate from healthy subjects (HS) or CF patients (CF). g, h Mitochondrial ROS generation in PBS-treated and LAC-infected THP-1 cells. i. IRG1 expression in PBS-treated and LAC-infected THP-1 cells treated with a mitochondrial ROS scavenger (MitoTempo) or vehicle (PBS). Data are shown as mean ± SEM from n = 4 mice (a, e), 9 mice (b), 3 mice (c, d, g, h), or 9 biological replicates from 3 independent experiments (i). Significance determined by Two-Way ANOVA with Dunnett’s Multiple Comparisons (a), Kruskal-Wallis (b), two-tailed t-Student (d, f, h), or One-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons (e, i); *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001.

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