Fig. 3: Phase transition observed by time-resolved serial crystallography.

a Plots of X-ray diffraction hit-rate (left) and indexing rate (right) for AUC (orange) and TUC1 (blue) lattices as a function of delay time after mixing 1:1 with 20 mM ADE. For the non-mixed sample (0 s), the average ratio of sample:buffer was 2:1, yielding a slightly higher hit-rate. The AUC to TUC1 conversion occurs much earlier than that observed in PVM and AFM experiments, where lower ligand concentrations (1 mM for PVM, and 50 or 150 µM for AFM) were used due to the requirements of those experiments. b Cross-sections (a*b*, a*c*) of the 3D-merged reciprocal lattices of AUC-indexed crystals at different delay times. An expanded subsection (white box) of a*b* at 25 s shows the emergence of broad, intense Bragg peaks corresponding to the b-axis (25.3 Å) of TUC1. c Left: single diffraction image from a single crystal with circled indexed Bragg reflections belonging to either AUC (orange) or TUC1 (blue). Changes in crystal packing upon conversion from AUC (middle) to TUC1 (right), resulting in a shortening of the c-axis from 9.3 to 7.9 nm and a change in the β-angle from 94.5° to 90.6°.