Table 1 Overlap in hypervolume estimation between mammals occupying different diel niches. Comparative paired analysis of each diel niche was carried out compared to (a) all species with other diel niches, and (b) species with each of the other diel niches in turn.

Hypervolume 1 (H1)	Hypervolume 2 (H2)	Volume H1 (SD⁵)	Volume H2 (SD⁵)	Unique fraction H1	Unique fraction H2
(a) Comparison with all species
Nocturnal	Excluding nocturnal	375	206	0.55	0.17
Crepuscular	Excluding crepuscular	43	368	0.01	0.89
Cathemeral	Excluding cathemeral	96	379	0.18	0.79
Diurnal	Excluding diurnal	226	359	0.30	0.56
(b) Comparison with other diel niches^a
Nocturnal (126)	Crepuscular	85 (±14)	43	0.59 (±0.05)	0.21 (±0.06)
Nocturnal (467)	Cathemeral	184 (±14)	95	0.66 (±0.02)	0.34 (±0.04)
Nocturnal (931)	Diurnal	247 (±15)	226	0.43 (±0.02)	0.38 (±0.02)
Cathemeral (126)	Crepuscular	33 (±9)	43	0.46 (±0.07)	0.63 (±0.09)
Diurnal (126)	Crepuscular	77 (±13)	43	0.61 (±0.04)	0.31 (±0.07)
Diurnal (467)	Cathemeral	170 (±13)	95	0.62 (±0.02)	0.34 (±0.03)

Hypervolumes were constructed using the five z-transformed traits: body mass (log10), litter size (log10), diet, foraging strata and habitat breadth (square root transformed). To control for differences in sample sizes between comparisons of individual diel niches, the number of species in the larger volume was matched with the smaller volume. The numbers of randomly sampled species in the reduced larger hypervolume are given in parentheses. Hypervolumes were generated from 100 randomly selected subsets of the larger diel niche and the mean volume and mean unique fraction of each hypervolume are presented, the standard deviation is given in parentheses. Hypervolume units are the standard deviations of trait values, raised to the power of the number of dimensions (SD⁵).
^aRandomly sampled matched subset with smaller hypervolume.

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