Fig. 7: H. pylori-affected bacteria-metabolite network in gastric environment of dyspeptic patients.
a Multilayer (bacteria-metabolite) network representation: the first layer is derived from Fig. 5 and represents the consensus network (confirmed in two different datasets of gastric mucosa: Paroni Sterbini et al.22 and Parsons et al.29) with H. pylori-affected bacteria nodes that present information on metabolite interaction in ref. 148. The second layer represents the network whose nodes are the metabolites in ref. 148 interacting with the bacteria network in the first layer; different node shapes and colours refer to different metabolite classes (carbohydrates, amino acids, glycolysis, lipids, vitamins, miscellaneous). b In depth visualization of the bacteria-metabolite network interactions. The metabolites are grouped according to their involvement in significant pathways. For discernibility, the metabolites are arranged according to three significant pathways (p < 0.05 after Benjamini correction as result of a metabolite pathway enrichment analysis by a one-sided test) and a fourth group that encloses altogether nodes associated to other significant pathways (please refer to the method section: Bacteria-metabolite multilayer network construction and metabolite pathway analysis); note that only metabolites present in significant pathways are here displayed. For more information, please refer to Supplementary Fig. 18 and Supplementary Data 7. The bacteria node stroke color is associated to the phyla information as in Fig. 5, whereas the different colours in the inner fill are associated to the different pathways and their extent is proportional to the number of metabolites that the bacterium connects with in the different displayed pathways.
