Fig. 4: SUMO-defective HK2 contributed to prostate cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.

a Cell proliferation curve of PC3 cells was determined by regular cell counting. PC3 stably expressed different mutant forms of HK2 as indicated, instead of endogenous HK2. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three biologically independent samples. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed Student’s t test. b BrdU incorporation analysis in PC3 cells. Bar graph shows the proportion of BrdU-positive cells among total cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three biologically independent samples. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed Student’s t test. c Anchorage-independent growth of PC3 cells was accessed by soft agar. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three biologically independent samples. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed Student’s t test. d Subcutaneous tumors formed in nude mice by PC3 cells as described at 8 weeks (n = 8/group). e Tumor weight was measured at the endpoint of the study. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed Student’s t test. f Tumor formation growth curves were recorded every week after subcutaneous injection in nude mice. Data are represented as means ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed Student’s t test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.