Fig. 1: Alteration of synaptic activity-associated miRNAs in the hippocampus of AD mice.

a, b Fold changes of synaptic activity associated with microRNAs (miRNAs) in the hippocampus of 12-month-old (a) or 9-month-old (b) APP/PS1 and control mice (WT) (n = 4 for each group). c Relative expression of miR-135a-5p in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 and control mice (WT) at different months as indicated (n = 4 for each group, two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001). d The distribution of miR-135a-5p in glutamatergic excitatory neurons in hippocampal slices of 9 months APP/PS1 and control mice (WT) by co-immunofluorescence experiments with the antibody of CamKII (Green) and FISH of miR-135a-5p (Red). The amplification images were shown at the bottom of each group. Scale bar = 20 μm (upper), 5 μm (lower) (n = 3 for each group). e Quantification of fluorescence intensity for miR-135a-5p in CaMKII positive neurons from (d) (n = 11, 17 for WT, APP/PS1, p < 0.0001). f qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of miR-135a-5p in the primary culture neurons at DIV 10 after overexpression of AAV-hTau (Tau) or control virus (Con) for 72 h (n = 3 for each group). g A representative immunofluorescence staining of FISH for miR-135a-5p (Red) and immunofluorescence experiments with the antibody of Tau-5 (Tau, Green) in hippocampus of 9 months APP/PS1 mice. Scale bar = 20 μm (left), 5 μm (right). h The fluorescence correlation of intensities of miR-135a-5p and Tau-5 in APP/PS1 mice as shown in panel (g) (n = 68 neurons from 5 mice). i The expression of miR-135a-5p in the frontal cortex from patients with AD and age-matched controls was measured by qRT-PCR (n = 4 for each group). (Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. and two-tailed t tests were used unless otherwise specified. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. WT/Con).