Fig. 4: Improvement in the steel process efficiency and its linkages with production volume and GHG emission. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Improvement in the steel process efficiency and its linkages with production volume and GHG emission.

From: Efficiency stagnation in global steel production urges joint supply- and demand-side mitigation efforts

Fig. 4

a, c, e The historical GHG intensity evolution in scopes 1, 2 and 3 for the total, primary and secondary production routes respectively. The red dot line highlights the start of a staggering period (see Supplementary Information 1 Section S4.3). We further decomposed the factors of volume and intensity from total emission impact (see Supplementary Information 1 Section S4.2). b, d, f The changes in emissions, volume and intensity during the 1st to 23rd 5-year period for total, primary and secondary production routes, respectively.

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