Fig. 1: Distinct distribution of prefrontal projection neurons.

a Distribution of MDL-projecting neurons at three mPFC (anterior-posterior (AP) locations relative to bregma. Top left: retrobead injection location. Top middle: retrobead-labeled somata (representative example). Middle row: Labeled neuron distribution across mPFC. Bottom row: Neuron distribution across layers. Top right: representative example of retrobead labeling in MDL. Scale 500 μm. Middle right: representative example of labeled mPFC cells. Scale 500 μm. Bottom right: close-up of mPFC cell bodies. Scale 200 μm. Bar graphs represent mean ± SEM. b–d Similar to a, but for MDM-projecting neurons (b), DMS-projecting neurons (c), and VMS-projecting neurons (d). Data points in graphs represent individual rats (n = 3 rats). e Distribution of MD-projecting and striatum-projecting mPFC neurons in dmPFC. Top left: virus injection protocol. Bottom left: eYFP, mCherry, and GAD-67 stainings. Top right: labeled neuron distribution. Pie chart: quantification of projection neurons (blue: MDL-projecting neurons, pink: DMS + MDL-projections, orange: DMS-projections, gray: GAD-67-positive). Scale 500 μm. f Same as e, but for vmPFC neurons projecting to VMS and MDM. Pie chart: projection neuron quantification (green: MDM-projecting neurons, orange: MDM + VMS-projections, purple: VMS-projections, gray: GAD-67-positive). Scale 500 μm. Data in e and f each represents stainings in 2 rats.