Fig. 3: T4SS is required for AIEC persistence in the gut.

a Graphical representation of T4SS cluster in AIEC str. NRG857c. b Wild-type AIEC outcompeted the ΔtraA mutant in all gut tissues. Individual AIEC populations were enumerated in different tissues 12 days post-infection. Each data point represents the competitive index from an individual animal. Data presented are means ± SEM; n = 5 biologically independent replicates. Groups were compared against a value of “0” using Holm–Sidak method for multiple t-tests (two-tailed), ****P < 0.0001. c Fecal burden of different AIEC strains was monitored for 50 days. Results represented as colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) feces. Data are means ± SEM; n = 5 biologically independent replicates. Groups were compared using two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test, P = 0.0005.