Fig. 2: Nanoparticle interaction with tumor cells.

a, b Quantification of binding (a) and uptake (b) of PEG-NP and PNP by various cancer cells (MC38, HT-29, 4T1, and MDA-MB-231) after incubation in vitro (n = 3, mean + SD; MFI = mean fluorescence intensity). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (compared with PNP); two-way ANOVA. c Retention of PEG-NP or PNP over time after intratumoral administration into mice bearing MC38 tumors (n = 3, mean ± SEM). d Representative images from the study in (c) at 5 min, 48 h, 96 h, and 168 h (H = high fluorescent signal, L = low fluorescent signal). e Plasma levels of R848 after intratumoral administration of free R848, PEG-NP-R848, and PNP-R848 into mice bearing MC38 tumors (n = 3, mean ± SEM). f Retention of R848 after intratumoral administration of PEG-NP-R848 and PNP-R848 into mice bearing MC38 tumors (n = 3, mean ± SEM). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.