Table 1 Summary of TFM methods based on fluorescent marker beads protocol compared to prior state-of-the-art methodologies.
From: Two-dimensional TIRF-SIM–traction force microscopy (2D TIRF-SIM-TFM)
Lateral imaging spatial resolution | Axial imaging spatial resolution | Temporal resolution (frames per second) | Illumination power (kW/cm2) | TFM sensitivity (bead/µm2) | 2D force estimation | 3D force estimation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2D TIRF-SIM-TFM | <100 nm | n/a | 1–10 fpsa | 0.02–0.1 | 15–20 | ✓ | ✗ |
aTFM35 | 200–300 nm | 20 nmb | 1–10 fpsa (2 µm z range) | 0.02–0.1 | 0.3 | ✓ | ✓ |
Prior state of the art | |||||||
3D SIM-TFM17 | <100 nm | 250 nm | 0.1–1 fps (2 µm z range) | 0.02–0.1 | 1 | ✓ | ✓ |
2D STED-TFM31 | <100 nm | 300 nm | 0.05–0.1 fpsc | 1–105 | 2.2–5 | ✓ | ✗ |
TIRF | 300 | n/a | 1 fps | 0.02–0.1 | 1 | ✓ | ✗ |
FBSR32 | 200 nm | n/a | 0.05 fps | Not reported | 1.2 | ✓ | ✗ |
High-resolution TFM10 | 200–300 nm | 600–800 nm | 0.2 fpsc | Not reported | Not reported | ✓ | ✗ |
Confocal | 200–300 nm | 600–800 nm | 0.1–1 fps | 0.1–10 | 1 | ✓ | ✓ |
