Fig. 2: Specificity of the host response to SGP1 and wide distribution of SGP1 homologs across fungal species.

a–h Cell death responses in other plant species triggered by exposure to 1 μM SGP1rec or MBP control. a–g Representative leaves are shown for potato plants (a), tomato (b), soybean (c), pepper (d), maize (e), wheat (f), and cotton (g). Data were obtained from three independent experiments, with 10 plants of each species per experiment (Supplementary Data 3). Dotted circles indicate infiltration area. The plus symbol (+) indicates that the cell death phenotype was observed, and the minus symbol (−) indicates the absence of a clear cell death phenotype. h Cell death induced by SGP1rec in rice suspension cells. Cell death was quantified by detection of Evans Blue signal released from rice suspension cells (μg/g) after treatment with SGP1rec or MBP. Data were obtained from five independent experiments, with three replicates in each experiment. In box plots, whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values, the line indicates the median, the box boundaries indicate the upper (25th percentile) and lower (75th percentile) quartiles. **P < 0.01, two-sided t-test. i Distribution of SGP1 across fungal species. The fungal species include both plant pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. Left, Maximum-Likelihood phylogenetic tree of fungal species which contain the Ser-Thr-rich GPI-anchored domain, reconstructed using PhyML v3.0 based on single-copy orthologs (Supplementary Data 5). Right, representative hosts of the corresponding pathogens. Image credit: https://www.flaticon.com or https://icons8.com/icons. j Phylogeny of SGP1 and 123 related sequences from selected fungal species (Supplementary Data 2 and 4). The proteins that induce cell death in N. benthamiana are indicated by a red dot and those that do not are indicated by a gray dot.