Table 1 Parameter estimates for linear mixed-effect models for response duration (N = 37) and approach distance (N = 37) as a function of playback (PB) type (second- or third-order alliance), social bond strength (SRI), number of consortships (Consort) and PB order on a given day for a given subject.

From: Cooperation-based concept formation in male bottlenose dolphins

 

Estimate

SE

Confidence interval

t value

p value

(i) Response duration

     

Intercept

9.3

8.5

−7.4 to 26.9

1.0

0.2

PB type (second order)

60.3

13.4

33.4 to 86.0

4.4

<0.0001

SRI

−20.4

40.7

−82.3 to 63.0

−0.5

0.6

Consort

−0.8

0.5

−1.8 to 0.04

−1.5

0.1

PB order

16.9

9.7

−1.5 to 35.5

1.7

0.09

(ii) Approach distance

Intercept

4.2

3.9

−3.1 to 11.7

1.0

0.2

PB type (second order)

20.5

6.3

8.5 to 32.2

3.2

0.002

SRI

−6.5

19.0

−41.8 to 29.5

−0.3

0.7

Consort

−0.1

0.2

−0.59 to 0.31

−0.5

0.5

PB order

6.1

5.0

−3.3 to 15.6

1.2

0.2

  1. Subject ID and caller ID were included as random effects. p values in bold indicate significant results. Baseline level is ‘third-order’ for PB type and 1 for PB order (the first or only playback on a given day).