Fig. 4: Sight of a wasp in another chamber affects sexual behavior of a fly.

a Copulation latency of a male fly and a female fly that were each exposed separately to the sight of L. boulardi wasps for 2 h and then allowed to mate (+Lb, n = 83), compared to mating of an unexposed male and an unexposed female (−Lb, n = 82). p < 0.0001, two-tailed Mann–Whitney test. Error bars = SEM. b Mating of a female fly that was exposed to wasps and an unexposed male (+Lb, n = 71) compared to mating of unexposed flies (−Lb, n = 69), p = 0.0003. c Mating of a female fly that was exposed to female L. boulardi wasps exclusively, and an unexposed male fly (+Lb, n = 67) compared to mating of unexposed flies (−Lb, n = 67), p = 0.0094. d Mating of a female fly that was in visual contact with male L. boulardi wasps exclusively, and an unexposed male fly (+Lb, n = 63) compared to mating of unexposed flies (−Lb, n = 63), p = 0.0017. e Mating of a female fly that was in visual contact with female L. heterotoma wasps exclusively, and an unexposed male fly (+Lh, n = 65) compared to mating of unexposed flies (−Lh, n = 63), p < 0.0001. f Mating of a female fly that was exposed to male L. heterotoma wasps exclusively, and an unexposed male fly (+Lh n = 63) compared to mating of unexposed flies (−Lh, n = 62), p < 0.0001. g Mating of a female fly that was in visual contact with female T. drosophilae wasps exclusively, and an unexposed male fly (+Td, n = 63) compared to mating of unexposed flies (−Td, n = 62), p = 0.0058. h Mating of a female fly that was in visual contact with male T. drosophilae wasps exclusively, and an unexposed male fly (+Td, n = 67) compared to mating of unexposed flies (−Td, n = 65), p = 0.0014. i Mating of a female fly that had been in visual contact with wasps (male and female) for 2 h and then isolated for 2 h before pairing with a male fly (n = 69) compared with mating of an unexposed female (n = 69), p = 0.7669. j Mating of a female that had been in visual contact with wasps for 24 h and allowed to mate with an unexposed male (n = 68) compared with mating of an unexposed female (n = 68), p = 0.0038. Error bars in b–j are SEM. The statistical test used in b–j is a two-tailed Mann–Whitney test.