Fig. 1: HF-HI impairs cognitive function and alters synaptic transcriptomic signatures.

a Schematic of the experimental design for this figure. Mice were subject to sham or HF-HI before behavioral and RNA-seq analysis at 24 h after the final impact. b T-maze cognitive assessment showed a decrease in working memory at 24 h post HF-HI (mean ± SEM; n = 12 per group, *P = 0.048, unpaired, two-tailed t test). c Hierarchical clustering of cortical RNA-seq analysis using Euclidean distance reveal a separation of sham and HF-HI (sham n = 10, HF-HI n = 11). d Principal component analysis (PCA) also shows clear separation of sham and HF-HI brain at 24 h post injury (sham n = 10, HF-HI n = 11). e Volcano plot showing the spread of 3836 differentially expressed genes (1880 upregulated and 1956 downregulated). f Directionality dot plot of gene sets obtained by functional enrichment of significantly altered genes in HF-HI mice, using cellular components (CCs) from gene ontology (GO) focusing on synaptic components show that these synaptic families are being modulated, appearing as significant categories in both the up- and downregulated CC. Node size corresponds to the number of genes in each ontology term. Color of each dot is the gene ratio compared to the total gene number. g Heatmap displaying the top differentiated genes synaptic signaling biological process (BP) and h long-term potentiation Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) categories show that genes in these categories are being modulated, and not just downregulated. Color scale bar values represent Z value (normalized standard deviations from the mean) for expression relative to the overall mean expression.