Fig. 3: Transcriptome analysis identifies Twist1 as an important transcription factor during WIHN in laboratory mice.

a Gene expression heatmap of PWD14 epidermis wound center vs wound margin. b The significantly enriched pathways of DEG. c, Volcano plot showing gene expression fold changes of representative DEG in MMP, Twist1, Wnt/β-catenin related pathways, proliferation of epithelial cells, cell movement of epithelial cells. Upregulation indicates high expression in wound center. FC: fold change. C/M: wound center versus margin. d Twist1 ranked 2nd by two-sided Fisher’s Exact Test p value in the top ten differentially expressed upstream regulator. e IPA identifies Twist1 as the top upstream regulator of the downstream DEG (p = 1.1 × 10−21). f Wholemount immunostaining of Twist1 at respective location from the epidermal side of the PWD14 wound as illustrated. Red line: wound border. Green line: morphogenetic zone. Blue dots: hair placode. g IHC of Twist1 and Snai1 in PWD14 wounds containing the hair placode. Dotted line demarcates the border of dermal epidermal junction. Blue: Hoechst. Scale bar: 100 μm. a–d n = 2 biologically independent experiments. The images in f, g represent 4 out of 4 biologically independent experiments performed.