Fig. 4: Coupling between phytoplankton, marine snow morphotypes, and zooplankton among periods over defined sea ice coverage phases: ice-covered (pre-bloom), ice break-up (bloom), ice-free (late bloom) in the Baffin Bay.

A Pigment concentrations of dominant phytoplankton groups. B cumulative concentrations of different marine snow morphotypes. C total concentrations of marine snow and zooplankton. The red line highlights the distribution of zooplankton (the concentration multiplied by 10).