Fig. 4: Potential for apparent competition (PAC) of native and exotic plants.
From: Exotic plants accumulate and share herbivores yet dominate communities via rapid growth
A Exotic plant species (orange, n = 320) generated 14 times higher PACexerted compared with native plant species (blue, n = 320; F1,40 = 7.07, P = 0.011). B PACreceived did not significantly differ between native and exotic plants (n = 320 per plant provenance; F1,38 = 0.07, P = 0.575). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between back-transformed estimated marginal means (±SEM) from linear mixed models. Corresponding violin plots showing the distribution of raw data are presented in Supplementary Fig. 17.
