Fig. 3: Fog collection properties of PVA/PPy gel membranes with micro-tree topologies.
From: All-day fresh water harvesting by microstructured hydrogel membranes
a Snapshots of fog collection process for a single gel tree. Red circles correspond to droplet formation events and arrows point to droplet motion trajectories. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. b Fog collection rates measured for different gel membrane geometries as a function of time that demonstrates saturation at a particular time, unique to each geometry. c Fog collection rates of different gel membranes at steady states normalized by the projected area, Ap, (left column) and by the total surface area, As, (right column). d Fog collection rate and Laplace pressure difference as a function of apex angle. e Comparison to commercial meshes and a real Cactus stem. f PVA/PPy gel micro-tree array maintains dual water harvesting functions after more than twenty-month storage.
