Fig. 5: All-day water harvesting by PVA/PPy gel micro-tree array outdoors.
From: All-day fresh water harvesting by microstructured hydrogel membranes
a Gel samples are held by a supporting structure made of polyurethane foam. b Schematic illustration and photos of a rooftop prototype acting as a solar water desalination system during daytime. c Solar radiation recorded during rooftop tests by portable solar power radiation meter. d Daily water collection per square meter of gel membrane during rooftop tests. Red: water collected during daytime (8 am–8 pm); blue: water collected during nighttime (8 pm to next day’s 8 am). e Daytime and f nighttime modes of a floating water harvesting prototype. Insets show the water collected during a day (~170 mL) and night (~70 mL).
