Fig. 2: Camera images of the device transfer, performance, and stability tests.

a Camera images demonstrating the fabrication process of device transfer from glass substrate to a mechanically pre-strained flexible/stretchable 3 M elastomer (clamped in the jig). b GSOLED device performance images at various two-dimensional (2D) stretch percentages (0–100%). c The stability and performance of GSOLED devices analyzed at 2D stretchable mode. The NPs were not incorporated in these devices. Also, the devices were one-dimensional (1D) twisted at various angles (0–180°) and tested in the 2D flexible mode by attaching the device to a golf ball (standard diameter = 42.67 mm). The water immersion test was conducted. The sandwiched device structure demonstrated significant stability in liquid environments due to NOA63 encapsulation.