Fig. 3: HER performance and in situ characterization.
From: Salting-out effect promoting highly efficient ambient ammonia synthesis
a Schematic of the tailor-made electrolytic cell for in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) characterization. b Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves of different systems under an Ar-saturated environment. c In situ FTIR spectra captured under electrochemical (Echem) reaction conditions at −0.3 V vs. RHE at 500 s. a.u., arbitrary units. d Comparison of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities and intensities of the H-O-H bending vibration in the FTIR spectra as a function of salt concentration. e In situ FTIR spectra with 10 M LiCl as the electrolyte at −0.3 V vs. RHE as a function of time. In situ Raman spectra with f N2-saturated and g Ar-saturated 10 M LiCl as the electrolyte at −0.3 V vs. RHE as a function of time. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) contour plots of working electrodes and the corresponding schematic of the mechanism with h 10 M and i 2 M LiCl as electrolytes during the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) process at −0.3 V vs. RHE as a function of time.
