Fig. 5: MM module couples ROS to improved performance in Drosophila melanogaster.

a Diagram for the climbing test. b Vertical climbing velocity of flies treated by control food (5% sucrose) or food containing 10 mM or 50 mM NAC for 24 h; n = 93 control-treated MM, n = 90 10 mM NAC-treated MM, n = 86 50 mM NAC-treated MM, n = 94 control-treated VV, n = 91 10 mM NAC-treated VV, n = 94 50 mM NAC-treated VV. Horizontal lines indicate medians. P values shown above the brackets, Dunn’s nonparametric multiple comparisons tests, two-tailed. c Diagram of a fly heart (in blue color) and an example kymograph recording of heart dynamics. Arrows indicate systole (s) and diastole (d) of the heart. The boxed region of the kymograph was magnified to show that the shortening velocity was derived from Δs/ts, and the relaxation rate was derived from Δr/tr. d and e Cardiac performance indices of MM and VV hearts before and after 60-min treatment by 10 mM NAC. The shortening velocity d and relaxation rate e were assessed; n = 27 MM hearts per condition and n = 29 VV hearts per condition; horizontal lines indicate medians; P values shown about the brackets in d and e, two-tailed tests; Dunn’s nonparametric multiple comparisons tests for d, and Welch’s ANOVA test followed by Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparisons test for e; choice of tests was determined by data normality. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.