Fig. 5: Simulations.
From: Pump-probe X-ray holographic imaging of laser-induced cavitation bubbles with femtosecond FEL pulses
a Trajectories of the bubble wall radius RB and the shockfront radius RSW for the high EB simulation for both values of B. The energy range of EB for the experimental data shown here is between 111 and 130 μJ. The radius of maximal expansion of the simulations yields a bubble energy of 91 μJ. b comparison of the measured shockwave’s pressure profile p(R) with the simulated p(R) (low EB simulation, EB ≈ 20–33 μJ) for three different time delays, again for both values of B. The time delay of the simulated profile was chosen such that it represents the experimental profile best. The exact time delays of the experimental data is Δt = 2 ns, 5 ns and 15 ns, and Δt = 1.4 ns, 6.5 ns and 13.3 ns for the simulations. The experimental pressure profiles are the same as in Fig. 3 with EB ≈ 22 ± 6 μJ. c–e same as (b), but now for the high EB simulation. The three different time delays Δt are indicated in the top left corner. The bold black curve shows the pressure profiles from Fig. 3 with EB ≈ 119 ± 4 μJ. The gray curves are a selection of pressure profiles within the energy range shown in (a).
