Fig. 2: Conceptual diagrams of viral DsrA, DsrC, SoxC, SoxD, and SoxYZ auxiliary metabolism.
From: Ecology of inorganic sulfur auxiliary metabolism in widespread bacteriophages
a Microbial dissimilatory oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and stored inorganic sulfur. The resulting production of ATP utilized for cellular processes and growth and the pathway’s rate limiting step is indicated with an asterisk (left). Viral infection and manipulation of sulfur oxidation by encoded DsrA or DsrC to augment the pathway’s rate limiting step and increase energy yield towards viral replication (right). b Microbial dissimilatory oxidation of thiosulfate or storage of inorganic sulfur in the periplasm. The resulting production of ATP is utilized for cellular processes and the pathway’s key energy yielding reaction indicated with an asterisk (left). Viral infection and manipulation of thiosulfate oxidation by encoded SoxC, SoxD, or SoxYZ to augment the entire pathway and the key energy yielding step to increase energy yield towards viral replication (right). For a and b cellular processes are shown in red, sulfur oxidation pathway is shown in black, energy flow is shown in blue, and viral processes are shown in orange (a) or purple (b). For all pathway steps shown, microbial enzymes and sulfur carriers are functional in tandem with viral augmentation. APS: adenosine 5’-phosphosulfate.
