Fig. 4: Past environmental changes and diversification dynamics of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Past environmental changes and diversification dynamics of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs.

From: Dinosaur biodiversity declined well before the asteroid impact, influenced by ecological and environmental pressures

Fig. 4

a Dynamics of speciation and extinction rates through time as estimated with the Bayesian multivariate birth–death model in PyRate, while incorporating the effect of putative factors. b Dynamic of the net diversification rate through time. Solid lines indicate mean posterior rates, whereas the shaded areas show 95% CI. c, d Bayesian inferences of correlation parameters on speciation and extinction with abiotic factors like global temperature, global sea-level fluctuations, and global continental fragmentation; with biotic factors like the relative diversity through time of Polypodiales ferns, non-Polypodiales ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms; and diversity-dependence factors with the diversity through time of herbivorous, carnivorous, and all dinosaurs. The asterisk (*) indicates significant correlation parameter for a given variable (shrinkage weights (ω) > 0.5). Abbreviations as in Fig. 1. Dinosaur pictures courtesy of Fred Wierum (© Wikimedia Commons), Debivort (© Wikimedia Commons), Jack Mayer Wood (© Wikimedia Commons): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Palaeomap used with permission © 2020 Colorado Plateau Geosystems Inc. Asteroid, plant pictures and other items made by Fabien Condamine.

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