Fig. 6: Optimal vaccine allocation strategies for different disease metrics with 50% coverage.

Optimal vaccine allocation assuming enough vaccine to cover 50% of the population with a single dose (25% with two doses). Each row represents a different disease metric minimized: cumulative infections (a–c), cumulative symptomatic infections (d–f), non-ICU peak hospitalizations (g–i), ICU hospitalizations (j–l) and total deaths (m–o). The columns correspond to assumptions that the single-dose efficacy (SDE) is low (left column, \({{\rm{VE}}}_{{{\rm{DIS}}}_{1}}\) = 18%), moderate (center column, \({{\rm{VE}}}_{{{\rm{DIS}}}_{1}}\) = 45%) or high (right column, \({{\rm{VE}}}_{{{\rm{DIS}}}_{1}}\) = 72%), corresponding 20%, 50%, or 80% of the full vaccine efficacy, VEDIS = 90% assumed following two doses of vaccine, respectively. Here, we assumed an effective reproductive number Reff = 1.1.