Fig. 2: HSPCs are enriched in glioblastoma and associate with tumor grade.

a Heatmap represents Syllogist signals for each cell type (columns) and patient samples (rows) for data derived from Gill et al.²⁶, including core, margin and normal brain tissue samples (n = 91 samples). GBM Glioblastoma, HSPC Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell, ESC Embryonic stem cell, Mø Macrophages. b Association of brain sample locations with Syllogist normalized odds ratios of eight selected cellular compartments. Dot plots represent the samples from normal brains (N, n = 17 samples), glioblastoma margins (M, n = 36), and cores (C, n = 38). c Heatmap represents Syllogist signals for each cell type (columns) and patient samples for the LGG-glioblastoma cohorts^29,30 (n = 229 samples). d Association of tumor grade with normalized odds ratios of eight main cellular compartments. Dot plots represent the samples from diffuse astrocytoma (WHO grade II, n = 19 samples), anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III, n = 67) and glioblastoma (WHO grade IV, n = 143). p values were determined by 2-tailed, unpaired Student’s t-test with correction by the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns not significant. For (b) and (d), the exact p values are reported in Supplementary Data 2 and 3, respectively. Source data of (b) and (d) are provided as a Source Data file.