Fig. 3: Lagrangian Rossby Number (Ro(L); colour shade).
From: Generation of gravity waves from thermal tides in the Venus atmosphere
a, b Longitude–latitude cross-sections of \({{\rm{Ro}}}^{(\rm L)}\) at the cloud-top (~70 km) level for the nominal and Qz cases, respectively. c, d Longitude–height cross-sections of \({{{\rm{Ro}}}}^{{\rm{(L)}}}\) at the equator for the nominal and Qz cases, respectively. The values are calculated using the advected tendency term in Eq. (2) with effective Coriolis parameters by Eq. (3) and have been averaged over 30 Earth days in a solar-fixed reference frame (i.e., composite-mean). Atmospheric density normalisation \(\rho /{\rho }_{z\,=\,70\,{{\rm{km}}}}\,\)is multiplied in c and d. Deviations of zonal flow from its zonal average (black contours; intervals are 10 m s−1) are also shown. The subsolar point is located at the centre of panels, (180°E, 0°N), for a and c.
