Fig. 4: Vertical momentum flux.
From: Generation of gravity waves from thermal tides in the Venus atmosphere
a–d Longitude–latitude cross-sections of composite-mean vertical momentum flux (m2 s–2) at the cloud-top (~70 km) level with different resolved scales, total (\(0\le k\le 639\)), large-scale (\(0\le k\le 9\)), medium-scale (\(10\le k\le 49\)) and small-scale (\(50\le k\le 159\)) ones, respectively. Here, k denotes a horizontal wavenumber. Zonal flow disturbances from its zonal average (black contours; intervals are 10 m s−1) are also shown. The subsolar point is located at the centre of each panel, (180°E, 0°N).
