Fig. 6: Image sequence and clustering analysis in water.

a An image sequence of the refractive index response for SrTiO3:Rh/ITOBiVO4:Mo (STOR/ITO/BVOM) in water in a square region (20 × 50 μm) corresponding to no. 1 on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds. The location of the sample was exactly the same as Fig. 5a. The scale bar corresponds to 20 µm. b The categorized mapping of the charge carrier responses of a. An outlier positioned far from all categories was colored in black (#0) c A microscopic image in the same area as a. d The averaged responses for each category in b are shown. (blue: category 1, green: category 2).