Fig. 5: Plasma glycomic and metabolic markers of time-to-viral-rebound associate with levels of PBMC-associated HIV DNA (total, intact, and defective) and RNA in the ACTG Cohort.

a Two-sided Spearman’s correlation heat-map showing associations between markers associated with time-to-viral-rebound (in rows) and levels of cell-associated HIV DNA and RNA (measured by qPCR) or levels of intact, defective, and hypermutated HIV DNA (measured by near-full length sequencing) (in columns). The size and color of circles represent the strength of the correlation, with blue shades represent negative correlations and red shades represent positive correlations. Numbers inside the circles are nominal P values. b, c Inverse associations between pre-ATI plasma levels of total fucose and levels of pre-ATI cell-associated (b) HIV DNA or (c) HIV RNA. d Positive association between pre-ATI plasma levels of the metabolite pyruvic acid and levels of cell-associated HIV DNA. e, f Inverse associations between pre-ATI plasma levels of the metabolite l-glutamic acid and levels of intact (e) or defective (f) HIV DNA. All correlations were done using two-sides Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient tests. For all panels, n = 32, 31, 19, 19, and 19 biologically independent samples were used for correlations with total HIV DNA (by qPCR), cell-associated HIV RNA (by qPCR), intact HIV DNA (by sequencing), defective HIV DNA (by sequencing), and hypermutated HIV DNA (by sequencing), respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.