Fig. 1: Effects of APOE allele frequencies and age on genetic risk scores.
From: Identifying individuals with high risk of Alzheimer’s disease using polygenic risk scores

A Allele ε4, ε3, ε2 frequencies (red, orange and green lines respectively) in the case-control dataset (271 cases and 278 controls), B, C the mean risk score for ε4 allele frequencies, ORS.no.APOE and PRS.no.APOE (red, green and blue lines respectively) split by age groups. ORS.no.APOE includes SNPs with p-value≤ 1e-5, PRS.no.APOE includes SNPs with p-value ≤ 0.1 and both exclude the APOE region. A represents the full sample (B) represents cases only and (C) controls only. Age groups are specified as (55–65, 65–75, 75–85, 85+). For comparability of the scores in (B, C) the e4 genotypes (originally coded as 0/1/2) were also standardised. ORS Oligogenic risk score, PRS Polygenic risk score, SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism.