Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants according to overall social distancing grade.

From: Association of social distancing and face mask use with risk of COVID-19

Overall social distance gradea

 

Overall

Poor (F)

Fair (D)

Good (C)

Excellent (A/B)

  

n = 198,077

n = 28,439

n = 63,331

n = 92,640

n = 13,667

Age (years), %

 

<25

7.8

10.2

8.1

7.0

6.3

 

25–34

9.5

10.0

8.6

10.2

7.6

 

35–44

13.6

14.6

13.5

13.7

11.2

 

45–54

14.9

15.6

15.1

14.7

13.5

 

55–64

20.3

19.2

21.2

20.0

19.6

 

≥65

34

30.3

33.4

34.4

41.8

 

Missing

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Male sex, %

 

35.2

39.5

35.3

33.8

34.7

Race/ethnicityb, %

 

White, non-Hispanic

83.9

84.2

84.2

83.3

84.6

 

Hispanic/Latinx

5.6

6.1

5.5

5.6

4.7

 

Black

2.9

3.0

3.1

2.9

1.2

 

Asian

3.6

2.7

3.3

4.5

4.3

 

Mixed/other race

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.7

3.9

 

Prefer not to say

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.9

 

Missing

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.4

Current smoker, %

 

5

6.2

5.4

4.5

4.0

 

Missing

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

Comorbidities, %

 

Diabetes

5.8

5.0

6.5

5.7

4.9

 

Heart disease

6.2

6.5

6.3

6.0

6.3

 

Lung disease

11.5

7.7

12.0

12.2

12.1

 

Kidney disease

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

Population density, %

 

Quartile 1

25.5

23.9

28.2

20.4

50.7

 

Quartile 2

24.7

30.1

27.4

21.6

22.5

 

Quartile 3

24.5

27.6

25.4

24.8

11.8

 

Quartile 4

24.7

17.6

18.3

32.8

14.2

 

Missing

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.4

0.8

Frontline healthcare worker, %

9.3

7.6

9.5

9.9

8.7

Interaction with suspected or documented Covid-19, %

8.9

10.4

8.4

8.9

8.1

Health problems requiring stay-at-homec, %

4.6

5.5

4.9

4.2

3.8

Regular use mobility aidd, %

2

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.9

Health problems limiting activitiese, %

8.5

9.6

8.9

8.1

7.9

Neighborhood Deprivation Index, %

 

Quartile 1

25.5

18.7

18.4

32.1

27.6

 

Quartile 2

23.1

23.5

23.0

23.4

20.8

 

Quartile 3

24.3

25.6

25.8

22.4

26.7

 

Quartile 4

26.0

30.9

31.6

21.2

23.5

 

Missing

1.1

1.4

1.2

0.9

1.4

  1. aOverall social distancing grades are denoted as Poor (F grade), Fair (D grade), Good (C grade), and Excellent (A + B grade) from Unacast mobility data.
  2. bThe proportion of race was calculated among the participants who received the race question which was added at April 18, 2020.
  3. cAsked as “In general, do you have any health problems that require you to stay at home”?
  4. dAsked as “Do you regularly use a stick, walking frame or wheelchair to get about”?
  5. eAsked as “In general, do you have any health problems that require you to limit your activities”?
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