Fig. 2: Ion emission from D2O in gas phase and on nanoparticles.
From: Anomalous formation of trihydrogen cations from water on nanoparticles
a Comparison between time-of-flight spectra for D2O in the gas phase for different laser intensities as indicated. The observed H+ ions originate from background gas. b Comparison between TOF spectra taken for D2O in the gas phase at 9.5 × 1014 W/cm2 laser intensity and ions emitted from the surface of 100 nm nanoparticles inhabited by D2O molecules at a laser intensity of 1 × 1014 W/cm2. Only the spectrum associated with nanoparticles demonstrates the formation of \({\mathrm{D}}_{2}^{+}\), \({\mathrm{HD}}_{2}^{+}\), and \({\mathrm{D}}_{3}^{+}\) ions. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
