Fig. 3: ATR deletion in excitatory neurons of the mouse forebrain (ATR-FBΔ) leads to developments of epileptic signs.
From: ATR regulates neuronal activity by modulating presynaptic firing
a Dorsal views of the brains from 3-month-old control (Ctr) and ATR-FBΔ (FBΔ) mice. Ob Olfactory Bulb, Ctx Cortex, Cb Cerebellum. b Coronal brain sections of 3-month-old control and ATR-FBΔ brains were stained with Nissl. The upper panel shows the complete half hemisphere and the lower panel displays the magnified images of the hippocampal regions. The images are representative from 3 to 4 mice per genotype analyzed. Ctx Cortex, HC Hippocampus, Amy. Amygdala, DG Dentate Gyrus, CA Cornu Ammonis, H Hilus. c Hippocampal astrogliosis in ATR-FBΔ mice. Coronal sections from control and ATR-FBΔ littermates at 10–12 months old after epileptic seizures were stained with DAPI, GFAP and NeuN to label nuclei, astrocytes and post-mitotic neurons, respectively. Right panels show magnifications of the dentate gyrus. Neurons are leaving the dentate gyrus (arrows) and expression of GFAP is markedly increased. CA Cornu Ammonis, DG Dentate Gyrus, H Hilus, GL Granular Layer. The graph shows the quantification of GFAP-positive cells within the hippocampal area from at least 2–3 sections per animal. The number of mice used is indicated within the bar. Data are presented as mean values of ± SD. Student’s t-test (unpaired, two-tailed). p = 0.013. *p < 0.05. d Mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus of 10-month-old epileptic ATR-FBΔ mice. Coronal sections of brains were stained with DAPI, ZnT-3 and SMI312 antibodies to label nuclei, mossy fibers and axonal neurofilaments, respectively. White arrows indicate the mossy fiber sprouting in IML. Neurofilaments follow the same pattern of ZnT-3 staining. The magnified images of the white rectangles on the DG and CA3 areas are shown in the right panels. The images are representative from 3 mice per genotype analyzed. CA Cornu Ammonis, DG Dentate Gyrus, SPMF Suprapyramidal Mossy Fibers, IPMF Infrapyramidal Mossy Fibers, H Hilus, GL Granular Layer, ML Molecular Layer, IML Inner Molecular Layer. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
