Fig. 2: The schematic synthetic procedure and characterizations of FeP–CoP/NC bifunctional catalyst.

a Representative illustration of the synthetic procedure of FeP–CoP/NC; b XRD patterns of Fe–Co alloy/NC and FeP–CoP/NC; TEM micrographs of c pristine NC with meso/macropores and d FeP-CoP/NC, the inset is the SAED pattern of FeP–CoP domains; e HAADF image of FeP–CoP/NC, EDX line scan position is indicated; f EDX elemental mappings of C, Fe, Co, and P; g EDX line scan of the nanoparticle in e.