Fig. 1: T3E XopR remodels the Arabidopsis actin cytoskeleton during Xcc infection.

a, b Representative images of XopR-GFP (self-complementing) at different time points and quantification (n = 20) after infection. The red arrow indicates weak signal accumulation on the plasma membrane. Data were presented as mean values ± SD. c–e Representative images of Lifeact-Venus in epidermal cells of Arabidopsis cotyledons and image quantification. Seven-day-old seedlings were dip-inoculated with WT Xcc and XccΔxopR. Images were taken at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h postinoculation (hpi). The average signal intensity per image and skewness of Lifeact-Venus were measured (n = 50 images from ten individual seedlings). Data were presented as mean values ± SD. f, g Representative images and actin density analysis of Lifeact-venus in LatB washout assay. Seven-day-old seedlings were flood-inoculated with Xcc or XccΔXopR at the indicated hpi, then subjected to 5 μM LatB treatment for 30 min before washout and image acquisition at the indicated time points of post-LatB washout (PLW). Percent occupancy was measured in the LatB washout assay (g, n = 20, from five seedlings). Data were presented as mean values ± SD. Two-tailed Student’s t-test was performed assuming equal variance. Ns no significant difference, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. AU arbitrary unit. Scale bar: 20 μm in a 5 μm in zoomed-in image of a, 10 μm in c, and 5 μm in f.