Fig. 3: Assembly of the healable supercapacitor device.

a Schematic illustrations of the magneto-thermal induced assembly of the supercapacitor by sandwiching two MFP-PPy hydrogel electrodes with a MFP hydrogel electrolyte and spraying AgNW film layers as current collectors. The device presents an integrated configuration owing to the metal-thiolate bond-triggered interface reconstruction under alternating magnetic field. SEM image (b) and enlarged SEM image (c) of MFP-PPy hydrogel electrode. d Cross-sectional SEM image of the supercapacitor. e Enlarged SEM image of the electrode/electrolyte interface of the supercapacitor. f SEM image of the AgNW film coated on the electrode. g Tensile stress–strain curves of the MFP-PPy hydrogel electrode and the assembled supercapacitor. h Optical images show good electrical conductivity of the supercapacitor at multiple deformations including bending, twisting, and stretching with high strains.