Fig. 6: Reversibility of IrNi/C-HT in water electrolysis and fuel cell systems.

a Scheme of the fuel starvation experiment at fuel cell and anode potential behaviors of the commercial TKK Pt/C, IrNi/C-LT and IrNi/C-HT as the anode catalysts under the fuel starvation condition. A single fuel cell test (geometric area: 5 cm2) employing commercial TKK 46% Pt/C as the cathode. b Polarization curves of IrNi/C-HT and -LT before and after fuel starvation experiment. c Scheme of the reverse voltage experiment in water electrolyzer. d Reverse voltage experiment using IrNi/C-LT and IrNi/C-HT as anode and cathode of a single water electrolyzer (geometric area: 10 cm2). Galvanostatic curves obtained with current density of 40 mA cm‒2.