Fig. 5: Scintillator-mediated wireless optogenetics drove conditioned place preference and aversion in freely behaving mice.
From: Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation
a Schematic of the experiment. Inset: an epi-fluorescence image showing SMPs (dashed outline) injected at dorsal VTA. Green: ChRmine-eYFP, Blue: DAPI. Similar results were obtained in 21 mice. b CPP test chamber for “Pulsed conditioning” (PC). The X-ray shieldings and the X-ray wheel chopper are made of lead (Pb). c Time course of CPP test with PC. The gate between two compartments is open for pre-tests and post-tests but closed during PC. d CPP test chamber for “Free moving conditioning” (FC). e Time course of CPP test with FC. The gate between the two compartments is open throughout the test. f Quantification of CPP with PC (n = 9 mice for no radiation control [No rad.] group, 6 mice for hGFP group, 8 mice for ChRmine group). Pre-test (top), F(2,20) = 1.48, p = 0.252; post-test (bottom), F(2,20) = 19.0, p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA. Post-test (bottom): No rad. vs. hrGFP, p > 0.9999; No rad. vs. ChRmine, ****p < 0.0001; hrGFP vs. ChRmine, ***p = 0.0001; Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test, two-sided. g Representative tracking data (left) and the corresponding heat maps (right) for mice before (Day 0) and after (Day 5) PC, as extracted from oblique-view movies. h Quantification of CPP with FC (n = 10 mice for hGFP group, 9 mice for stGtACR1 group). Pre-test (top), p = 0.243; post-test (bottom), *p = 0.0435; Mann–Whitney U test, two-sided. i Same as g, but for mice before (Day 0) and after (Day 3) FC. N.S., not significant. Open circles indicate individual data. Values are mean ± SEM.
