Fig. 5: Plating/stripping behavior of lithium anode and electrochemical performance of lithium−sulfur full batteries.

a SEM image of the 400 μm WLC-CNTs electrode with the amount of Li plating for 10 mAh cm⁻² at 1 mA cm⁻². b Nucleation behavior of Li metal on different hosts at a current density of 0.05 mA cm⁻². c Comparison of the Coulombic efficiency of Li plating/stripping on the WLC-CNTs electrode and a planar Cu electrode with current density of 1 mA cm⁻² at a fixed areal capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻². d Galvanostatic plating/stripping profiles in Li foil, Li/Cu foil, and Li/WLC-CNTs symmetric cells at 1 mA cm⁻² with areal capacity fixed at 2 mAh cm⁻². e Rate performance of the symmetric cells with a fixed capacity of 2 mAh cm⁻². f Cycling performance and g comparison of S@WLC-CNTs | |Li/WLC-CNTs full cells with other works.