Fig. 4: Crystal structure, internal stress, and thermal stability of Ni-rich cathode. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Crystal structure, internal stress, and thermal stability of Ni-rich cathode.

From: Surface enrichment and diffusion enabling gradient-doping and coating of Ni-rich cathode toward Li-ion batteries

Fig. 4: Crystal structure, internal stress, and thermal stability of Ni-rich cathode.

a Three-dimensional contour plots of (003) peaks from in situ XRD patterns for NC91 and NCAl-LAO with corresponding capacity vs. potential curves. Variations of b c-axis lattice parameters and c unit cell volume as a function of charging potential, and insets show cross-sectional SEM images of electrodes after 100 cycles. d Distributions of volume deformation, corresponding Von mises stress, tensile and compressive stresses through NCAl-LAO and NC91 when charging to 4.3 V. e Phase transformation temperature of NCAl-LAO and NC91 from HT-XRD patterns. f Differential scanning calorimetry profiles of NCAl-LAO and NC91 in delithiated state (charged to 4.3 V).

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