Table 1 Overview of the experiments conducted.

From: Climate change modulates the stratospheric volcanic sulfate aerosol lifecycle and radiative forcing from tropical eruptions

Experiment name

HIST, moderate-magnitude

HIST, large-magnitude

SSP585_HIH, moderate-magnitude

SSP585_HIH, large-magnitude

SSP585, moderate-magnitude

SSP585, large-magnitude

Mass of SO2 (Tg)

1

10

1

10

1

10

Intensity (kg/s)

1.3 × 107

2.7 × 108

1.3 × 107

2.7 × 108

1.3 × 107

2.7 × 108

Eruption Location

Mount Pinatubo location (15.1°N,120.4°E)

Ensemble size

10

Atmospheric conditions used to calculate SO2 injection height

Historical, 1990–2000

SSP5 8.5, 2090–2100

Climate scenario used to run UKESM1-AMIP

Historical, 1990–2000

SSP5 8.5, 2090–2100

Control run global-mean temperature (°C): sea surface | surface air | 50 hPa

17.8 | 13.7 | −62.2

22.5 | 20.3 | −63.5

Control run CO2 concentration (ppm)

360

1060

Control run CH4 concentration (ppb)

700

1080

Control run stratospheric Cl concentration (ppb)

3.1

1.1

Control run stratospheric Br concentration (ppb)

0.02

0.01

Control run O3 concentration (DU)

312

343

Control run background global-mean aerosol optical depth at 550 nm: tropospheric | stratospheric

0.1188 | 0.0035

0.1159 | 0.0022

  1. The bottom seven rows provide key metrics characterizing the forcings and climate state of the 20-year long control runs for the historical 1990–2000 and SSP5 8.5 2090–2100 climate scenarios. Unless specified, concentrations of chemical species are for the whole atmosphere. Control run values of aerosol optical depth are in the absence of any volcanic eruption.
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