Fig. 5: All-textile smart glove for pressure mapping and pulse wave detecting.

a Schematics of the fully textile sensing structure, showing a fully fabric structure that consists of a silk liner spacer, an electrode layer, and an outer protective glove. b Photograph of and low magnification SEM image of the SE used in the smart glove. Scale bar: 1 mm. c SEM image of the surface structures of the SE, showing tilted and slender pillars coated with a thin layer of Au film. The SEM observation is repeated independently for three times and similar results are presented. Scale bar: 200 μm. d Normalized change of capacitance as a function of applied pressure. e A three-dimensional schematic image of the smart glove. f, g Capacitance mapping of the smart glove worn on a healthy subject by holding f a balloon and g a beaker, indicating distinct pressure distributions for the two cases. Scale bar: 5 cm. h Recorded capacitance during the test from a stationary state to exercise (lasting for 10 min), and back to a rest state for 40 min. Insets show the skin with sweat and after the sweat is dried. Scale bar: 2 mm. i The amplitudes and rates of pulse waves at 0, 12, 14, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min. n = 10 consecutive measurements, each one represents the value of amplitude of pulse wave. Data are presented as the mean values\(\pm\)standard deviations: 1.27\(\pm\)0.13, 2.09\(\pm\)0.12, 1.43\(\pm\)0.14, 1.35\(\pm\)0.18, 1.42\(\pm\)0.12, 1.41\(\pm\)0.09, 1.47\(\pm\)0.14, and 1.06\(\pm\)0.13 pF. j The recorded SEMS sensor responses to touch before and with sweating.