Fig. 7: Intracellular uptake and ROS generation.
From: Arsenene-mediated multiple independently targeted reactive oxygen species burst for cancer therapy
a Fluorescence spectrum of As NSs and As/AsxOy@PDA@M NSs with the excitation wavelength at 500 nm and emission wavelength at 795 nm. b Intracellular uptake of NSs in various formations after incubation for 4 h characterized by LSCM with the excitation wavelength at 500 nm and emission wavelength at 795 nm. Scale bars = 50 μm. c Fluorescence quantitative analysis of the intracellular uptake of NSs. d Intracellular ROS generation detected by FCM. e and g Intracellular ROS and O2 generation detected by CLSM. Scale bars = 100 μm. f and h Fluorescence quantitative analysis of intracellular ROS and O2 generation. i Representative confocal microscopy images of the MCF-7 cells (scale bars, 50 μm) after different treatments. The nuclei were stained by DAPI (blue), and the γH2AX foci per nucleus were stained by anti-γH2AX antibody (red). j Mechanism of As/AsxOy@PDA@M NSs for modulating ROS burst. The engineered As/AsxOy@PDA@M NSs serve as an intelligent theranostic platform-mediated ROS burst through five pathways. For the intracellular uptake, ROS and O2 generation, and DNA damage of developed NSs, three times each experiment was repeated independently with similar results.
